{"id":321,"date":"2025-12-29T12:34:52","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T09:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/?p=321"},"modified":"2025-12-29T12:46:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T09:46:54","slug":"15-windows-server-2025-failover-clsuter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/?p=321","title":{"rendered":"15 Windows Server 2025 Failover Clsuter"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kesintisiz \u0130\u015f S\u00fcreklili\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in K\u0131lavuz: Windows Failover Cluster Nedir, Limitleri ve Kurulum Senaryolar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz BT d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda &#8220;Downtime&#8221; (kesinti) kelimesi, sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin duymaktan en \u00e7ok korktu\u011fu terimlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. Bir sunucunun donan\u0131msal veya yaz\u0131l\u0131msal olarak hizmet veremez hale gelmesi, \u015firketler i\u00e7in para, zaman ve itibar kayb\u0131 demektir. \u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada Windows Server Failover Clustering (WSFC) devreye girer. Bu makalede, kritik i\u015f y\u00fcklerinizi nas\u0131l koruma alt\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, WSFC&#8217;nin teknik limitlerini, hangi senaryolarda kurulabilece\u011fini ve hangi rollerle en iyi performans\u0131 verdi\u011fini derinlemesine inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"15 Windows Server 2025 Failover Clsuter\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WodHXh1yp9Y?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Windows Failover Cluster (WSFC) Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En basit tan\u0131m\u0131yla Failover Cluster; birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sunucular\u0131n (Node), y\u00fcksek eri\u015filebilirlik (High Availability &#8211; HA) sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla beraber \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yap\u0131da, sunuculardan biri (Node A) ar\u0131zaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fczerindeki servisler (SQL, Hyper-V, File Server vb.) otomatik olarak di\u011fer sunucuya (Node B) aktar\u0131l\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar veya istemciler bu ge\u00e7i\u015fi (Failover) genellikle hissetmezler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011flant\u0131 fiziksel sunucu isimlerine de\u011fil, Cluster&#8217;\u0131n sanal ismine (Virtual IP) yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hangi \u0130\u015fletim Sistemlerinde Kurulabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windows Failover Cluster \u00f6zelli\u011fi, Microsoft\u2019un sunucu i\u015fletim sistemlerinde bulunur. Ancak her s\u00fcr\u00fcmde (Edition) t\u00fcm \u00f6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windows Server 2019 \/ 2022 \/ 2025 Standard Edition: Cluster kurulabilir ancak &#8220;Storage Spaces Direct (S2D)&#8221; gibi baz\u0131 ileri seviye depolama \u00f6zellikleri s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olabilir veya desteklenmeyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma haklar\u0131 (OSE) s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windows Server Datacenter Edition: S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z sanalla\u015ft\u0131rma haklar\u0131 ve S2D gibi t\u00fcm yaz\u0131l\u0131m tabanl\u0131 depolama \u00f6zelliklerini destekler. En kapsaml\u0131 Cluster deneyimi i\u00e7in genellikle Datacenter tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Windows Server Essentials \/ Foundation: Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerde Failover Cluster \u00f6zelli\u011fi bulunmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teknik Limitler (Scalability)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir Cluster yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilece\u011fi, projenizin \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi i\u00e7in kritiktir. Windows Server 2016 ve sonras\u0131 (2019\/2022) i\u00e7in limitler olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maksimum Node Say\u0131s\u0131: Bir Cluster i\u00e7inde 64 adede kadar sunucu (Node) bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maksimum Sanal Makine: Cluster ba\u015f\u0131na 8.000 sanal makineye kadar destek verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maksimum Bellek: Node ba\u015f\u0131na 24 TB (Server 2016) veya 48 TB (Server 2022) RAM deste\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu limitler, en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurumsal veri merkezlerinin bile ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak d\u00fczeydedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kurulum Senaryolar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Failover Cluster sadece fiziksel sunucularla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 ana senaryo \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fiziksel Cluster (Geleneksel Yap\u0131): En yayg\u0131n senaryodur. \u0130ki veya daha fazla fiziksel sunucu, ortak bir depolama alan\u0131na (SAN &#8211; Storage Area Network) fiber optik (FC) veya iSCSI ile ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avantaj\u0131: Maksimum performans ve donan\u0131m izolasyonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Guest Clustering (Sanal \u0130\u00e7inde Sanal): Hyper-V veya VMware \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sanal makinelerin (VM) kendi aralar\u0131nda Cluster yapmas\u0131d\u0131r. Shared VHDX veya vSAN teknolojileri kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avantaj\u0131: Uygulama seviyesinde yedeklilik sa\u011flar, fiziksel host ar\u0131zalar\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stretch Cluster (Co\u011frafi Yedeklilik): Node&#8217;lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 fiziksel lokasyonlarda (\u00f6rn: \u0130stanbul ve Ankara) bulundu\u011fu yap\u0131d\u0131r. Veri senkronizasyonu (Replica) ile felaket kurtarma (Disaster Recovery) sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avantaj\u0131: T\u00fcm veri merkezi \u00e7\u00f6kse bile sistem di\u011fer \u015fehirde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluster Mimarisi ve Quorum Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluster kurulumunun en hayati par\u00e7as\u0131 Quorum ve Witness (Tan\u0131k) yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer Cluster&#8217;\u0131 olu\u015fturan sunucular\u0131n birbirleriyle ileti\u015fimi kesilirse (Split-Brain senaryosu), hangi grubun aktif kalaca\u011f\u0131na karar veren mekanizma Quorum&#8217;dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Witness olarak \u015funlar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Disk Witness: Shared Storage \u00fczerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir disk alan\u0131 (En yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">File Share Witness: A\u011f \u00fczerindeki bir dosya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cloud Witness: Azure \u00fczerinde bir Blob Storage alan\u0131 (\u00d6zellikle farkl\u0131 lokasyonlardaki clusterlar i\u00e7in idealdir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hangi Roller Cluster ile \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, Hangileri \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her servisi Cluster yapmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015fte en uyumlu ve uyumsuz roller:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>En \u0130yi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Roller (Cluster Dostu):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hyper-V: Sanal makineleri hostlar aras\u0131nda gezdirerek kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL Server (AlwaysOn FCI): Veritaban\u0131 kesintilerini s\u0131f\u0131ra indirmek i\u00e7in end\u00fcstri standard\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">File Server (Scale-Out File Server): Dosya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DHCP Server: IP da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kesilmemesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluster Yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 Gereken Roller:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Active Directory (Domain Controller): AD, kendi i\u00e7inde zaten \u00e7oklu master replikasyon mimarisine sahiptir. Birden fazla DC kurmak, Cluster kurmaktan daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. AD&#8217;yi Cluster servisine ba\u011flamak \u00f6nerilmez ve desteklenmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exchange Server (Eski S\u00fcr\u00fcmler Hari\u00e7): Modern Exchange, DAG (Database Availability Group) ad\u0131 verilen kendi uygulama bazl\u0131 cluster yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. WSFC altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullansa da, klasik shared storage cluster mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kurulmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNS (AD Entegre): AD ile birlikte replike oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca cluster yap\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7 ve Do\u011frulama (Validation)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kuruluma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce &#8220;Validate Configuration&#8221; sihirbaz\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak bir opsiyon de\u011fil, zorunluluktur. Bu test; disklerin, a\u011f\u0131n ve sunucu konfig\u00fcrasyonunun Cluster i\u00e7in uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetler. Microsoft deste\u011fi alabilmek i\u00e7in bu testten ba\u015far\u0131yla (Passed) ge\u00e7mek \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kesintisiz \u0130\u015f S\u00fcreklili\u011fi \u0130\u00e7in K\u0131lavuz: Windows Failover Cluster Nedir, Limitleri ve Kurulum Senaryolar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz BT&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,253,9,11,18],"tags":[266,269,290,260,255,276,275,274,103,174,271,263,268,254,279,282,262,281,261,287,272,126,264,280,248,257,195,270,285,95,258,284,102,265,286,277,93,278,117,283,267,288,86,89,289,273,134,149,85,259,256],"class_list":["post-321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-storage","category-hyper-v","category-virtualization","category-system","category-windows","tag-altyapi","tag-bilgiislem","tag-btuzmani","tag-cloudwitness","tag-cluster","tag-clusterdesign","tag-clustertest","tag-clusteryapisi","tag-datacenter","tag-dhcp","tag-disasterrecovery","tag-diskwitness","tag-drplan","tag-failover","tag-failovertest","tag-fcstorage","tag-fibrechannel","tag-fileserver","tag-fileshare","tag-guestcluster","tag-haarchitecture","tag-highavailability","tag-hyperv","tag-hypervcluster","tag-iscsi","tag-issurekliligi","tag-itarchitecture","tag-itinfra","tag-itprofessional","tag-network","tag-quorum","tag-s2d","tag-san","tag-sanalmakine","tag-sanalyapisi","tag-scaleout","tag-server","tag-sqlserver","tag-storage","tag-stretchcluster","tag-sunucu","tag-sunucuyonetimi","tag-sysadmin","tag-systemadmin","tag-teknikegitim","tag-validation","tag-virtualization","tag-windows","tag-windowsserver","tag-witness","tag-yedeklilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=321"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":328,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321\/revisions\/328"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ertanerbek.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}